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Climate change and global warming |
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Climate change and global warming are the two most important issues confronting governments, environmentalists, scientists, and institutions. Pollution, deforestation, haphazard industrial activity, and emission of effluents have contributed to global warming and climactic changes.
The warming up of the earth has been proved to be induced by humans. With increasing global temperature and decreasing animal and plant species and habitats, ecosystems are gradually losing their natural adaptability. There has either been a steady increase in average temperature across regions, or a sudden increase in extremities.
Studies have proved that pollutants emitted from fossil fuel make sun rays getting reflected back into space by cloud covers. This phenomenon called global dimming, resulted in dreadful droughts in Ethiopia in 1970s and 80s. Global dimming not only prevents formation of rain bearing clouds and also hides the actual risks of global warming. Cleaning up of global dimming pollutants without catering to the problems of greenhouse gas emissions has led to global warming and ecological disasters. European heat wave of 2003 which resulted in the loss of thousands of lives was due to global warming.
To address the problem of global warming and climatic change, UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and WMO (World Meteorological Organization) formed IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 1988. In 1990, IPCC inferred that global climatic changes were induced by humans. Consequently, the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) signed by more than 150 countries was formed.
Carbon sinks have been suggested for soaking carbon di-oxide an important constituent of environment pollution. Trees being effective carbon sinks, reforestation is an important process of pollution control.
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